In the post 9/11 era, there is growing interest in the complex relationship between religion, economics, finance, politics, law, and social behavior. This has brought with it a disagreement on how to investigate the impact of religiosity, whether religion affects the economic, political, and social outlook of countries or whether these factors affect religiosity? In other words, should religion be viewed as a dependent or an independent variable? In this paper we ask what we believe to be the precursor question to such linkages, namely, do self-declared Islamic countries,
as attested by membership in the OIC (Organization of Islamic Conference), embrace policies that are founded on Islamic teachings? We believe that only once this question is addressed can one begin to estimate how Islam adherence to Islam may affect economic, political and social behavior. In the first part of the paper we present what we believe should be the characteristics and scaffolding of an “Islamic” country. We base our depiction on the Quran, and the life, practices and sayings of the Prophet Mohammad – the two principal channels that provide Muslims with the road map. In the second part, we develop an index to measure the “Islamicity” of Islamic and non-Islamic countries. This IslamicityIndex (or I2) measures 208 countries adherence to Islamic principles using four sub-indices related to economics, legal and governance, human and political rights, and international relations.

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How Islamic are Islamic Countries?

The World Economy is a monthly peer-reviewed academic journal covering economics and international relations, specifically trade policy, open economy issues, and developing economies. The journal is published by John Wiley & Sons and the current editors-in-chief are David Greenaway and Chris Milner both of the University of Nottingham.

Since 2008, with the Nottingham Centre for Research on Globalisation and Economic Policy at the University of Nottingham, the journal co-hosts The World Economy Asia Lectures,[1] The World Economy Annual Lectures,[2] and The World Economy Annual China Lectures.[3] The journal produces an annual special issue on global trade policy, which is subsequently available as a book in the Global Trade Policy series.[4]

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