Islamic sources

Quran is a book of guidance and humanization

Hazrat Muhammad (pbuh), the prophet of mercy and kindness

Women in Islam

Rights of Husband and Wife in Islam

Why Here, Why Now? Young Muslim Women Wearing Hijab

The Rights and Duties of Women in Islam

Women Who Deserve to go to Hell

Women Finally on the shores of Islam

The Hijab .. Why?

Authors Of The Week

Sayyid Ruhollah Musavi Khomeini

Sayyid Rūhollāh Mūsawī Khomeinī (Persian: سید روح الله موسوی خمینی), the best known as Imām Khomeinī (Persian: امام خمینی), was one the most important Shi'a marja's of the 14th//20th century. He was the leader of the Islamic Revolution in Iran, which won victory in 1979 and overthrew the monarchy and established an Islamic republic in Iran. He was arrested twice by the monarchical Pahlavi government and was exiled for life in the latter. For a while, he lived in Turkey, then he moved to Najaf. He stayed in Najaf for 13 years teaching, writing and leading the revolutionists in Iran. In 1979, he was forced to leave Iraq; so he went to Paris. After a while, he returned to Iran and led the Islamic Revolution to victory. He was the leader of the Islamic Republic of Iran to the end of his life. Imam Khomeini's movement and the victory of the Islamic Revolution had several impacts on the world and led to establishment of political movements based on Islamic thoughts. The doctrine of al-Wilayat al-Mutlaqa li l-Faqih (absolute guardianship of the jurist), a political doctrine based on Shi'a beliefs, is his most important doctrine. He tried to establish the Islamic Republic of Iran and its constitution based on this doctrine. He believed that the common way of ijtihad in Hawza is not sufficient. From his point of view, governing was the practical realization of all fiqh. Having this viewpoint about fiqh, he believed in innovation in Ijtihad beside emphasizing on keeping the frames of traditional fiqh. His doctrine about the impact of the time and place on ijtihad and some of his influential fatwas can be counted as results of this point of view. Muslims, especially Shi'as, liked him very much. His funeral, with participation of almost 10 million people, was the most crowded funeral in the world up to now. In addition to fiqh and usul -which are the common subjects in Islamic seminaries- he had works and special opinions in Islamic philosophy and mysticism. Imam Khomeini, also taught Islamic ethics during his residence in Qom in the school of Faydiyya. During his life, he lived a plain and ascetic life. In the last 10 years of his life, when he was the supreme leader of the Islamic Republic of Iran, he lived in a humble house located in Jamaran (a district of Tehran.) He was born in Jumada II 20, 1320 (September 24, 1902) in Khomein, a city located in central Iran. (Because he was born on the anniversary of the birthday of Lady Fatima al-Zahra (a), the anniversary of his birthday is counted according to lunar calendar exceptionally.) His father, Sayyid Mustafa Musavi, who had studied Islamic subjects in Najaf, was contemporaneous with Ayatollah Mirza Shirazi. His father, whom the people of Khomein referred to for their religious issues, was murdered five months after Sayyid Ruhollah's birth in a fight against the brutal local governor. Sayyid Ruhollah grew under the supervision of his mother, Hajara Agha, and his paternal aunt Sahiba Khanum, until he was 15. Education He studied preliminary level of Islamic studies -including Arabic morphology and syntax, mantiq (logic), basic level of fiqh and usul- under the teachers and scholars of his hometown, Khomein, such as: Aqa Mirza Mahmud Iftikhar al-'Ulama, Mirza Rida Najafi Khomeini, Shaykh 'Ali Muhammad Burujirdi, Shaykh Muhammad Ghulpayghani, Aqa 'Abbas Araki, and more than everyone, his elder brother, Ayatollah Murtada Pasandidi. Study in Arak and Qom In 1338/1919, he went to Islamic Seminary of Arak. Shortly after his teacher, Shaykh Abd al-Karim Ha'iri Yazdi, emigrated to Qom, he also moved to Qom along with a number of his classmates. In the Islamic Seminary of Qom, in addition to completing the preliminary and advanced levels in fiqh and usul (Kharij fiqh and usul), he worked on other fields of Islamic study, including prosody, mathematics, astronomy, and Islamic philosophy. He studied advanced levels of theoretical and practical mysticism (al-Irfan al-nazari wa l-amali) under Ayatollah Muhammad Ali Shahabadi for six years. He also had a relationship with Ayatollah Mirza Javad Maliki Tabrizi and spoke well of him. The founder of the seminary of Qom, Ayatollah Shaykh Abd al-Karim Ha'iri Yazdi, was his most important teacher in the advanced levels of fiqh and usul.[4] After the demise of Ayatollah Ha'iri Yazdi, by the effort of Imam Khomeini and other mujtahids from Qom, Ayatollah Burujirdi, who later moved to Qom, was chosen as the head of the Seminary of Qom. In this period, Imam Khomeini was known as one of the greatest mujtahids and teachers in fiqh, usul, philosophy, mysticism, and ethics. Teachers Shaykh Abd al-Karim Ha'iri Yazdi (The founder of the seminary of Qom). Muhammad Rida Shahi Isfahani (The author of Wiqayat al-adhhan). Mirza Muhammad Ali Shahabadi Mirza Javad Maliki Tabrizi Sayyid Ali Yathribi Kashani Sayyid Muhammad Taqi Khwansari Mirza 'Ali Akbar Hikami Yazdi Mirza Muhammad Ali Adib Tihrani Teaching Imam Khomeini spent a lot of years teaching fiqh, usul, Islamic philosophy, mysticism and Islamic ethics in the Islamic Seminary of Qom. His classes were held in different places in the town including: Faydiyya, Masjid A'zam, Masjid Muhammadiyya, Haj Mulla Sadiq School and Masjid Salmasi. In Najaf, he taught Islamic subjects including advanced levels of fiqh for almost 13 years in Masjid al-Shaykh al-A'zam al-Ansari. It was during these years that he taught the theoretical basis of his doctrine, wilayat al-faqih, in several sessions for the first time. According to his students, his class was one of the most important classes in the Seminary of Najaf. In some periods, the number of participants in his class reached 1200, among whom were tens of well-known contemporaneous mujtahids. Students Morteza Motahhari Sayyid Muhammad Bihishti Muhammad Fadil Lankarani Muhammad Hadi Ma'rifat Ja'far Subhani Sayyid Mustafa Khomeini Husayn Ali Muntaziri Yusuf Sani'i Sayyid Ali Khamenei Sayyid Mahmud Hashimi Shahrudi Sayyid Abbas Khatami Husayn Rasti Kashani Muhammad Ali Girami Works Works in Ethics and Mysticism Sharḥ du'a saḥar (Arabic) [Commentary of Sahar supplication], Tehran, The Institute for Compilation and Publication of Imam Khomeini's Works, 2015 Miṣbāḥ al-hidāya ilā al-khilāfa wa al-wilāya (Arabic), [Torches of Guidance toward Caliphate and Wilaya], Tehran, The Institute for Compilation and Publication of Imam Khomeini's Works, Liqā' Allāh (Persian) [Meeting God] Sirr al-ṣalāt [The Secret of Prayer], Translated into English by Bahram Afrasiabi, Tehran, The Institute for Compilation and Publication of Imam Khomeini's Works, 2009 Ta'līqāt alā sharḥ fuṣūṣ al-ḥikam (Arabic), [Gloss on the commentary of Fusus al-hikam], Qom, The Institute of Pasdar-i Islam, 1990. Ta'līqāt alā miṣbāḥ al-uns (Arabic), [Gloss on Misbāh al-'uns], Qom, The Institute of Pasdar-i Islam, 1990. Ta'līqāt alā sharḥ ḥadīth ra's al-jālūt (Arabic), [Gloss on commentary of the Hadith Ra's al-jalut], Tehran, The Institute for Compilation and Publication of Imam Khomeini's Works, 1997, ISBN:964-335-008-8 Sharḥ ḥadīth ra's al-jālūt (Arabic), [Commentary of the Hadith Ra's al-jalut], Tafsīr-i sūra ḥamd (Persian), [Commentary of Sura al-Hamd] Al-Hāshīya alā al-asfār (Arabic) [Marginal notes on al-Asfar] Adāb al-Ṣalāt (Persian) [Manner of Prayer], Tehran, The Institute for Compilation and Publication of Imam Khomeini's Works, 1994 Mubāriza bā nafs yā jahād akbar (Persian), [Struggle with Soul or Greater Jihad], Tehran, The Institute for Compilation and Publication of Imam Khomeini's Works, 1994 Shraḥ ḥadīth junūd aql wa jahl (Persian), [Commentary on the Hadith of army of intellect and ignorance], Tehran, The Institute for Compilation and Publication of Imam Khomeini's Works, 2010 Sharḥ-i Arba'īn ḥadīth (Persian), [Commentary of Forty Hadith],Tehran, The Institute for Compilation and Publication of Imam Khomeini's Works, 2014 Books in Demonstrative Jurisprudence Kitāb al-tahāra [Book in Cleanness], Qom and Najaf, The Institute for Compilation and Publication of Imam Khomeini's Works, Two volumes published in 1957 in Qom, Two other volumes in 1969 in Najaf, Al-makāsib al-muḥarrama [Forbidden Earnings], Tehran, The Institute for Compilation and Publication of Imam Khomeini's Works, 1994 Kitāb al-bay' [Book of Selling], Tehran, The Institute for Compilation and Publication of Imam Khomeini's Works, 2010 Kitāb al-khilal [Book of Imperfection in prayer], Tehran, The Institute for Compilation and Publication of Imam Khomeini's Works, 2003 Risālat fī al-taqiyya [Treatise in Taqiyya (Precautionary Dissimulation)] Risālat fī qā'ida man malik [Treatise in the Rule of Possession] Risālat fī ta'īn al-fajr fī al-layālī al-muqmira [Treatise in distinguishing Fajr (dawn) in moonlight nights], Qom, 1989 Risālat lā ḍarar [Treatise in La Darar], Qom, The Institute for Compilation and Publication of Imam Khomeini's Works, 2007 Risālat al-istiṣḥāb [Treatise in Istishab (presumption of continuity)], Tehran, The Institute for Compilation and Publication of Imam Khomeini's Works, 2007 Risālt fī al-ta'ādul wa al-tarājīḥ [Treatise in al-Ta'adul wa al-Tarajih (balance and preferences)],Tehran, The Institute for Compilation and Publication of Imam Khomeini's Works, 2010 Risālat al-ijtihād wa al-taqlīd [Treatise in al-Ijtihad wa al-Taqlid], Tehran, Uruj Publication, 2010 Risālat fī al-talab wa al-irāda [Treatise in Want and Will], Tehran, The Institute for Compilation and Publication of Imam Khomeini's Works, 2001 Ta'līqāt alā Kifāyat al-uṣul [Gloss on Kifayat al-usul], Tehran, The Institute for Compilation and Publication of Imam Khomeini's Works, 1994 Risāla dar muḍū'-i ilm al-uṣul [A Short Treatise on the Theme of the Principles of Jurisprudence] Risala Amaliya or Non-Demonstrative Jurisprudence Ta'līqāt alā al-urwat al-wuthqā (Arabic), [Gloss on al-Urwat al-Wuthqa], Tehran, The Institute for Compilation and Publication of Imam Khomeini's Works, 2002 Ta'līqāt alā wasīlat al-nājat (Arabic) [Gloss on the Mean of Salvation], Tehran, The Institute for Compilation and Publication of Imam Khomeini's Works, 2002 Ḥāshiya tawḍīḥ al-masā'il (Persian) Risāla Nijāt al-ibād (Persian), [Treatise on People's Salvation], Tehran, The Institute for Compilation and Publication of Imam Khomeini's Works, 2006 Ḥāshīya risāla irth (Persian), [Marginal Notes on Irth Treatise], Tehran, The Institute for Compilation and Publication of Imam Khomeini's Works, 2007 Manāsīk ya dastur-i ḥajj (Persian) Taḥrīr al-wasīla (Arabic), [The Manual of Fatwas], Tehran, The Institute for Compilation and Publication of Imam Khomeini's Works, 2013 Zubdat al-aḥkām (Arabic) Tawḍīḥ al-masā'il (Persian), [The Manual of Fatwas], Tehran, The Institute for Compilation and Publication of Imam Khomeini's Works, 1999 Mulḥaqāt tawḍīḥ al-masā'il (Persian), Istiftā'āt (Persian), [Religious Questions], Tehran, The Institute for Compilation and Publication of Imam Khomeini's Works, 2014 Ḥukūmat islāmi ya wilāyat faqīh (Persian) Kashf asrār (Persian) Risāla dar rijāl (Arabic) Diwān she'r (Persian), [Collection of Poems], Tehran, The Institute for Compilation and Publication of Imam Khomeini's Works, 2005 Risāla-ie mushtamil bar fawā'idī dar ba'ḍī masā'il mushkila Taqrirat (notes) of Imam Khomeini's Teachings Tahdhīb al-uṣūl, Shaykh Ja'far Subhani, Risāla fī qā'ida lā ḍarar yā nayl al-awṭār Shaykh Ja'far Subhani, Risāla fī al-ijtihād wa al-taqlīd, Shaykh Ja'far Subhani, Lubb al-athar yā risāla fī al-ṭalab wa al-irāda wa al-jabr wa al-tafwīḍ, Shaykh Ja'far Subhani, Kitab al-bay' Other Books Ṣaḥīfa Imām (Persian), [Divine and Political Will], Tehran, The Institute for Compilation and Publication of Imam Khomeini's Works, 2000 Waṣīyyat Nāme Siyāsī Elāhī (Persian), [Divine and Political Will], Tehran, The Institute for Compilation and Publication of Imam Khomeini's Works, 2001 Rah-i Eshq Bāde Eshq

297

Morteza Motahhari

Morteza Motahari (1358-1298), jurist, philosopher, theologian, writer, thinker, teacher, theoretician, commentator of the Qur'an, one of the students of Ayatollah Boroujerdi, Imam Khomeini and Allameh Seyyed Mohammad Hossein Tabatabai birth He was born on 13 Bahman 1298 AH, corresponding to 12 Jumadi al-Awli 1338 AH (1920 AD) in Freeman city near Mashhad city in a spiritual family. education After his childhood, he went to school and started learning elementary lessons. At the age of 12, he went to Mashhad seminary and studied the basics of Islamic sciences. In 1316, despite the fierce struggle of the government of Reza Shah Pahlavi with the clergy and despite the opposition of his friends and relatives, he went to the seminary of Qom to complete his studies. professors During his fifteen-year stay in Qom, in the presence of Ayatollah Al-Uzami Boroujerdi (in jurisprudence and principles), Imam Khomeini (RA) (for twelve years in the philosophy of Mulla Sadra, mysticism, ethics and principles) and Allameh Seyyed Mohammad Hossein Tabataba'i (in the philosophy of Bu'ali) and comparative philosophy). Ustad Shahid Medati also received many spiritual benefits from the presence of Ayatollah Haj Mirza Ali Agha Shirazi in ethics and mysticism. The late Ayatollah Seyyed Mohammad Hojjat (in principles) and the late Ayatollah Seyed Mohammad Mohaqeq Damad (in jurisprudence) can be mentioned among other professors of Ostad Motahari. During his stay in Qom, in addition to studying science, he actively participated in social and political affairs. Emigration, teaching and preaching In 1331, while he was considered one of the famous teachers and one of the future hopes of the field, he migrated to Tehran for reasons including livelihood problems. In Tehran, he taught in the Maravi school - where seminary sciences were taught - and also wrote and gave research lectures. In 1334, he held the first session of his Qur'an interpretation sessions for students. In the same year, he started teaching at the Faculty of Theology and Islamic Studies of Tehran University. In the years 1337 and 1338, when the Islamic Association of Doctors was formed, Professor Motahari was one of the main speakers of this association, and during the years 1340 to 1350, he was the unique speaker of this association, and some of his works are the product of these meetings. fight Since 1341, when the movement of Imam Khomeini (RA) began, Ustad Motahari was actively with the Imam; So that the organization of the 15th Khordad uprising in Tehran and its coordination with the Imam's leadership can be attributed to his efforts and his helpers. Cultural and political activity One of the most important services of Professor Motahari during his blessed life was presenting the original Islamic ideology through lectures and lectures and authoring books. This reached its peak especially in the years 1351 to 1357 due to the increase in the propaganda of leftist groups and the emergence of leftist Muslim groups and the emergence of the phenomenon of eclecticism. After the Imam, Ustad Motahari was the first person who realized the danger of the leaders of the organization known as "People's Mujahideen of Iran" and prevented others from cooperating with this organization and even predicted the change of their ideology. During these years, on the advice of Imam Khomeini (RA), he traveled to Qom two days a week and taught important lessons in that seminary, and at the same time held various meetings for university professors in his home in Tehran. d. Although Ustad Motahari's relationship with Imam Khomeini continued through letters etc. after his exile from Iran, but in 1355 he managed to travel to Najaf and while meeting with Imam Khomeini, consulted with him about important issues of the movement and seminaries. After the death of Seyyed Mustafa Khomeini, the eldest son of Imam Khomeini, and the beginning of the new era of the Islamic Movement, Ustad Motahari became more active in the movement and played a key role in all its stages. Motahhari wrote several books on Islam, Iran, and historical topics. His emphasis was on teaching rather than writing. However, after his death, some of his students worked on writing down his lectures and publishing them as books. As of the mid-2008, the "Sadra Publication" published more than sixty volumes by Motahhari. Nearly 30 books were written about Motahhari or quoted from his speeches. Morteza Motahhari opposed what he called groups who "depend on other schools, especially materialistic schools" but who present these "foreign ideas with Islamic emblems". In a June 1977 article he wrote to warn "all great Islamic authorities" of the danger of "these external influential ideas under the pretext and banner of Islam." It is thought he was referring to the People's Mujahideen of Iran and the Furqan Group. martyrdom Ustad Motahari was martyred on Tuesday, May 11, 1358, by the criminal group of Farghan, and his body was transferred to Qom on Thursday, May 13, after the funeral in Tehran, and was buried in the shrine of Hazrat Masoumeh (PBUH).    

294

Sheikh Yusuf Motala

Muhammad Yusuf ibn Suleman ibn Qasim Motala (25 November 1946 – 8 September 2019) was a British Indian Sunni Muslim scholar, founder of Darul Uloom Bury and one of the disciples of Muhammad Zakariya Kandhlawi. Early life and education Motala was born in Nani Naroli in Gujarat, India on 25 November 1946. He graduated from Mazahir Uloom, Saharanpu. Where he studied under the known scholars Muhammad Zakariyya Kandhlawi and Muhammad Yunus Jaunpuri. Career Upon the instruction of Muhammad Zakariya Kandhlawi, Yusuf Motala established Darul Uloom Al-Arabiyyah Al-Islamiyyah in Holcombe, Bury, Lancashire, in 1973. More than 75% of English-speaking Muslim scholars in the UK are graduates of institutes founded by Motala, a number of whom are engaged in the reinforcement of community relations.His work has been praised by OFSTED, who in 2014 gave them outstanding in all areas. He was included in the 2019 list of "The 500 Most Influential Muslims," published annually by the Royal Islamic Strategic Studies Centre.   Motala's pupil Abdur Rahman ibn Yusuf Mangera writes that Motala founded Jamiatul Imam Muhammad Zakariya in Bradford which has produced over 2000 female dars-e-nizami graduates. Death   He died in Canada on Sunday evening according to Canadian time which according to British time zone was Monday 9 Sep - and Monday 10 Muharram 1441 according to the Islamic calendar followed by him - Islamic days begin from the after sunset, so Sunday after sunset in the gregorian calendar would be considered as Monday in the Islamic calendar as can be seen on the gravestone). Motala's works are:   Aḍwā’ al-Bayān fī Tarjamatul Qurʼān (Urdu translation of the Quran). Aimma Araba aur Sufia Kiram (Urdu) Juz’ ʿAmma Tafsīr in Arabic (with Urdu and English Tarjumma) Arabic Khutbahs Hadyah-e-Haramain (Salaatus-Salaam Compilations - Arabic-Urdu) Buzurgon ke Wisal Ke Ahwaal (Urdu) Fitno se Hifazat ke liye Masnoon Duaaei (Urdu) Shaykh al-Ḥadīth, Ḥaḍrat Mawlānā Muḥammad Zakariyya saheb raḥmatullahe alayhe Aur Unke Khulafa Ikraam- Part 2 and Part 3

236