An extensive research on jurisprudence and history; Nass and ijtihad are two idioms from among the idioms of the Islamic jurisprudence. They both are two bases, on which legal verdicts, whether traditional or derivational, depend. Nass, which includes the evidences of the Qur'an and the Sunna, is a main base that cannot be violated because it has offered many verdicts and solutions to many events and cases whether concerning the belief or the obligations and whether concerning the social and economical cases or any other human activity. Ijtihad moves from the main base that comprehends the postulates and rules that lead to conclude a verdict on a case that the nass has generalized or ignored. This means that ijtihad acts after being armed with its scientific tools and means in accordance with the nass and walking in its (nass’s) circle- as the jurisprudents say-otherwise it will be a heresy...
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An-nass Wel-ijtihad Text and Interpretation

Explanations of laws and practices specific to Shi'ism, including combining of prayers, saying the basmala, mut'a, and method of wudhu.

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Source: al-islam.org

Questions on Jurisprudence

The book "Al-Nass Wal-Ijtihad" delves into the assessments and decisions assembled by the author, gathered through extensive research, which was introduced by renowned companions of the Prophet (S) and their followers. These differed from the fundamental principles of ijtihad. Present discussions aim to explore this history, understand the progression of disagreements, and rectify shortcomings rather than exacerbate them. The goal is to leverage this rectification in the present and foster its growth in the future, rather than dwell on an irretrievable past.

Al Nass Wal Ijtihad

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Sayyid 'Abd al-Husayn Sharaf al-Din al-Musawi, also commonly spelled Abdel Hussein Sharafeddine or Sharafeddin, was a Shi'a Twelver Islamic scholar. He was born 1872 in Kadhimiya in the Ottoman Iraq to a Lebanese family of prominent religious scholars. At the age of 20 he went to Iraq in order to study at clerical seminaries in Samarra and Najaf, where he stayed for twelve years until he became a mujtahid (independent reasoning in legal issues) at the age of 32.

Ayatollah Al Sayyed Abd al-Husayn Sharaf al-Din al-Musawi, (Abdel Hussein Charafeddine, Sharafeddine, or Sharafeddin) (Arabic: آية اللّٰه السيد (عبدالحسين شرف الدين الموسوي العاملي ), was a Shi'a Twelver Islamic scholar who has widely been considered a social reformer, "activist", and modern founder of the city of Tyre in Southern Lebanon. He was known for his nonviolent efforts against the French mandate in Lebanon, for which the French encouraged an unsuccessful assassination attempt against him.
Biography
Family background
Born 1872 in Kadhimiya in the Ottoman Iraq to a Lebanese family of prominent religious scholars. His father al-Sayyid Yusuf Sharaf al-Din was from the village of Shuhur in Jebel Amel, the Shia area of what is now Southern Lebanon, and studied in Najaf, whilst his mother was Zahra Sadr, the daughter of Ayatollah al-Sayyid Hadi al-Sadr and the sister of al-Sayyid Hasan al-Sadr[permanent dead link], the well-known Shiite scholar (author of the book Ta'sis al-Shi'a li 'ulum al-Islam) and the cousin of Sayyid Musa Sadr's grandfather. His family's lineage goes back to Ibrahim ibn Musa al-Kazim, the son of Imam Musa al-Kadhim.
Ottoman Iraq and Lebanon
When he was one year old, his father moved the family to Najaf in order to pursue Islamic studies. When he was 8 years old, the family returned to Lebanon. He married at age 17, and at the age of 20 went back to Iraq in order to study at clerical seminaries in Samarra and Najaf, where he stayed for twelve years until he became a mujtahid (independent reasoning in legal issues) at the age of 32.
"His religious studies were not confined to Shi'ism but also included Zaidism and Sunnism."
He then returned to Lebanon and first based himself in his father's home village of Shuhur and then in Tyre/Sour where he became known locally known in short time. There he founded a religious community centre. Later, the highest ranking religious authority in Lebanon, Sayyid 'Ali al-Amin, authorized (Arabic: Ijazah) him to issue fatawa (juridical rulings).[1] In 1908 (1326 AH), Sayed Sharafeddin played a decisive role in the power struggle which was triggered by the 1908 Young Turk Revolution and its call for elections to an Ottoman parliament. In Jabal Amel the political wrestling took place between Rida al-Sulh of a Sunni dynasty from Sidon and Kamil Al-As'ad from the Shiite dynasty of Ali al-Saghir on the other side. The former had sidelined the Al-As'ad clan in the coastal region with support from leading Shiite families like the al-Khalil clan in Tyre, whereas the latter still dominated the hinterland. Sharafeddin tipped the balance in favour of the Al-Asa'ads.
"He achieved his prominent position in the community through his reputation as a widely respected 'alim [religious scholar] whose books were taught in prominent Shi'ite schools such as Najaf in Iraq and Qum in Iran."
In addition to his engagement in social work in Sur and Jabal 'Amil, Sayyid Sharaf al-Din continued his efforts writing and publishing. In 1910 (1327 AH), he published Issues important for uniting the Ummah (al-Fusul al-Muhimah fi Ta'lif al-Ummah).
In 1913 (1331 AH), he had the opportunity to implement his views on Muslim unity. He visited Egypt and met Shaykh Salim al-Bishri, the head of al-Azhar Mosque. The outcome of their discussions and long correspondence was the book al-Muraja'at. The book includes 112 correspondences between Sharaf al-Din and the Mufti of al-Azhar University, al-Shaykh Salim al-Bishri. The correspondences are concerned with the issue of caliphate and Imamate from a Shiite viewpoint; Sunni and Shiite arguments are examined and criticized in this book by appeals to verses of the Quran and reliable sources of Sunni hadiths.
One of the steps he took to unite the Muslim ummah was choosing the 12th of Rabi' al-Awal to celebrate the birthday of Muhammad rather than 17th of Rabi' al-Awal.
He deliberately chose this date because it was the one recognized by the Sunni Muslims, and he wished to bring all the Muslims, Shi'is and Sunnis, closer to each other. After observing this event in his mosque, Sayyid Sharaf al-Din would go the Sunnis to celebrate the occasion with them.

In 1365 A.H. (1946), he founded a charity institute to help people in need, and in the last years of his life, he wrote the book, al-Nass wa l-ijtihad.
Sharaf al-Din died in 1957 in Lebanon. He is buried near the Imam Ali Mosque in Najaf.
Shortly before his death, Sharafeddine nominated Sayyid Musa Sadr as his successor.

Born

Death

Abdul Husayn Sharafuddin al-Musawi

Abdul Husayn Sharafuddin al-Musawi

Born:

Death:

Abdul Husayn Sharafuddin al-Musawi

Author Books