For pious Muslims of the Sufi persuasion, abstinence is a necessary virtue for the conduct of spiritual exercises leading to union with God. They preached against all that which distracted from concentration on the worship of God. They looked upon excessive eating and copulation as the major media of distraction, a sort of ailment to be shunned and if too entrenched, a weakness to be overcome by rigorous exercises. Marriage was recommended only as a last resort for those whose sexual urges were too strong to contain. The Sufi perception tended to contradict the official Muslim conviction that marriage was necessary for the propagation of race and faith and accounted for much of the date that centered on the subject historically.
The author of this work, Abu Hamid al-Ghazali (1058-1111), is generally regarded as the leading theologian and synthesizer of Sunni and Sufi perceptions of Islam. He is credited with enshrining the Ash'arite system in the main body of Islamic theology as the sole unchallenged creed of Islam. Professor Hitti refers to him as the "father of the church in Islam" and the final authority for Sunni, or Islamic orthodoxy.' In his religious experience first as an orthodox theologian then as a mystic, author and traveller, al-Ghazali came to embody all that Islam itself experienced in its multiple spiritual

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Al-Ghazali Abstinence in Islam

Caesar E. Farah was a professor of history at the university of Minnesota.

Farah was born in Portland, Oregon, and received a B.A. (1952) from Stanford University, before then studying at Princeton University, where he received an M.A. (1955) and Ph.D. (1957). After serving as a cultural affairs officer in New Delhi and Karachi, he began his teaching career at Portland State College from 1959-1963, teaching history and Near Eastern languages. From 1963-1964, Farah taught at Los Angeles State College, and then became Associate Professor of Near Eastern Language and Literature at Indian University in Bloomington, 1964-1969. He joined the faculty of the University of Minnesota  as Professor of Middle Eastern Studies in 1969, and remained there until his retirement in 2008.

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Caesar E. Farah

Caesar E. Farah

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Caesar E. Farah

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