Illal al-Shari’a(عِلَلُ الشَّرائِع) is an Arabic book written by Sheikh Saduq (d. 381 AH), a prominent Shiite jurist and narrator of the fourth century AH. Illal al-Shari’a consists of narrations from the Messenger of God (PBUH) and the pure Imams (PBUH) whose subject matter is the cause and philosophy of some religious and ideological rulings, such as the causes of the names of objects and people, the causes of events and incidents, the causes of tendencies towards beliefs and actions, and the way animals are created. In this book, Sheikh Saduq also mentioned the causes of some of the actions of the prophets, the Holy Prophet (PBUH), and the Shiite Imams.

This book is organized into 647 chapters and published in two volumes. Since the contents of this book are of interest to the general public, several translations of it have been published so far.

About the Author
Muhammad ibn Ali ibn Husayn ibn Musa ibn Babawayh (305-381 AH), known as Sheikh Saduq, is one of the greatest scholars of the fourth century AH and is buried in Rayy. He was the greatest hadith scholar and jurist of the Qom school of hadith and authored about 300 scholarly works, many of which are lost today. The book Man Lai Yahadrah al-Faqih is one of the four Shiite books of his work.
Method of writing
Sheikh Saduq has organized the chapters of the book in a topic-oriented manner and in some cases, in explaining the narrations of the Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) and the pure Imams (PBUH), he has expressed his views with the expressions "the compiler of this book said", "the compiler of this book said", etc. The author documents his words with verses of the Holy Quran, narrations of the Infallibles (PBUH), historical events, the words of scholars and rational arguments.
In some cases, in his narration of hadiths, Sheikh Saduq has also explained the meaning of the words of the hadith, stated the context of the hadith, rejected the content of the hadith, and combined different reports.

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Illal al-Shari’a (Reasons for the Laws) Vol1- Part 8

Illal al-Shari’a (Reasons for the Laws) Vol1-Part 7

Illal al-Shari’a (Reasons for the Laws) Vol1-Part 6

Illal al-Shari’a (Reasons for the Laws) Vol 1- Part 5

Illal al-Shari’a (Reasons for the Laws) Vol -1 Part 4

Illal al-Shari’a (Reasons for the Laws) Vol 1- Part 3

Illal al-Shari’a (Reasons for the Laws) Vol 1- Part 1

Muhammad ibn Ali ibn Husayn ibn Musa ibn Babuyyah Qummi (305-381 AH), known as Sheikh Saduq, was a Shiite scholar in the 4th century AH. He is considered one of the most famous hadith scholars and jurists of the theological and hadith-oriented school of Qom. About 300 scholarly works have been attributed to him, but many of them are not available today. One of his most important works is the book Man lai-hazrah al-faqih, one of the four Shiite books. Other works of Sheikh Saduq include Ma'ani al-Akhbar, Uyun akhbar al-Rida, al-Khasal, ilal al-Shari'a, and sifat al-Shi'a. Some of his most famous students include Sayyid Murtaza, Sheikh Mufid, and Tal'Akbari. Sheikh Saduq is buried in the Ibn Babuyyah cemetery in Rayy.
Lineage
Abu Ja'far Muhammad ibn Ali ibn Husayn ibn Musa ibn Babuyyah Qummi, known as Sheikh Saduq, was a scholar of the 4th century AH. His father, Ali ibn Husayn, was a sheikh, a trustworthy (trusted), a jurist, and the leader of the Qumites in his time. Although many great scholars and hadith scholars were present in Qum at that time, despite his authority and scholarly status, he had a shop in the market and engaged in business ascetically, with chastity, and contentment. He had books and treatises in various fields that were mentioned by Sheikh Tusi and Najashi. Ibn Nadim, in his al-Fihrist, mentioned a manuscript by Sheikh Saduq that contained information about his and his father's works: "I allowed my father's books, which are two hundred books, to so-and-so, the son of so-and-so, and also my own books, which are eighteen books."
Birth and Death
The exact year of Sheikh Saduq's birth is not known, but what is used from his book, Kamal al-Din, the book of the occultation of Sheikh Tusi, and the book of the list of Najashi is that he was born after the death of Muhammad ibn Uthman al-Amri, the second of the four ambassadors of the Imam of the Time (a.s.), in the year 305 AH and at the beginning of the embassy of Abu al-Qasim al-Husayn ibn Ruh, the third ambassador.
According to Sheikh Saduq's narration from Abu Ja'far Muhammad ibn Ali ibn Aswad, Ali ibn Husayn ibn Musa ibn Babuyyah (the father of Sheikh Saduq, who is also called Saduq I), after the death of Muhammad ibn Uthman al-Amri (the second ambassador) asked Abu Ja'far to ask Hussein ibn Ruh al-Nawbakhti (the third ambassador) to ask the Imam of the Time (a.s.) to pray for God to grant him a son. Abu Jafar says that I also requested Husayn ibn Ruh and he conveyed this request to the Imam of the Time and after three days he told me that the Imam had prayed for Ali ibn Husayn and that a blessed child would be born to him, because of whom God Almighty would benefit him.
Death
He died in Rayy in 381 AH at the age of more than seventy. His grave is today in a cemetery called the famous Ibn Babuyyah Cemetery and is a place of pilgrimage for people.

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Ali bin Husayn bin Babuyyah (Sheikh Saduq)

Ali bin Husayn bin Babuyyah (Sheikh Saduq)

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Ali bin Husayn bin Babuyyah (Sheikh Saduq)

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